Management styles are the principles that underlie the methods, abilities and techniques managers use in handling situations and expressing leadership within an organisation. Generally speaking, managerial styles are polarised between autocratic and permissive, although each style has its own subtleties.

Autocratic managers make decisions without input from other stakeholders and their interactions with others are based on communicating these decisions – directive autocrats also supervise subordinates closely, while permissive autocrats give employees some degree of freedom in how they work towards a goal.

Businesses in which employees work in both traditional siloed departments as well as in cross-departmental teams. These teams may be temporary or permanent depending on what they have been tasked to do. Individuals working in matrix organisations will typically report to two superiors – their normal departmental head and the project leader.

Management by Objectives (MBO), also known as “Management by Results (MBR)”, is a results-driven process that aims to define objectives within an organization so that behaviors, intentions, and initiatives can be aligned to achieving these objectives. The theory underlying MBO is that people are more motivated and productive when they clearly understand their roles and responsibilities. 

This particular model of work helps the whole team/ organization with a mutual understanding of what needs to happen and how. This ends up being a foundation for a team that is always on the same page and works towards a common goal